Online version of: Nissani, M. (1992). Lives in the Balance: the Cold War and American Politics, 1945-1991.

Note:  Page numbers refer to the hard copy version of this book.

INDEX

A number alone stands for a page number. The combination number-slash-n-number stands for page number/note number. For instance, the entry "Acheson, D." can be found on p. 171; while the entry "Adams, G." begins on p. 305, Notes and References section, note 27.

Abkhasia, 145

A-bomb, 2, 43, 51, 79, 117, 127, 167-168, 169, 170, 171, 193, 199, 233

Aborigines, see Native Australians

Abrahamian, E., 286/n37

Academic freedom, 87, 252-253, 291/n22, 294/n9

Academy of Sciences (USSR), 168

Accuracy (of nuclear warheads), 61, 96, 98, 99, 101, 109, 110, 115, 116, 126, 131, 132, 137, 153, 190, 201, 220, 221, 264

ACDA. see Arms Control and Disarmament Agency

Acheson, D., 171

Acheson-Lilienthal Report, 169-170, 262

Acid rain, 166

Adamani, D., 305/n26a, 305/n34, 308/n12

Adams, G., 305/n27

Adams, J. B., 305/n39

Afghanistan War, 24, 28, 32, 163, 164

Africa, 67, 83, 138, 202

Agathon, 20

Agree, G., 305/n34, 308/n12

Air burst, 45, 46, 49, 53, 55, 58

Aircraft carriers, 100, 125, 129, 133, 138, 229

Air defense, 96, 98, 134-135, 191

Air Force (U.S.), 75, 228, 238

Airplanes, 25, 72, 73, 95-96, 132, 135, 139, 140-141, 149, 153. see also bombers

Alaska, 75, 277

Albany (NY), 240

Alchemists, 42

Alexander the "Great," 146

Algeria, 27

Al-Khalil, Samir, 284/n7

Angola, 28

Animal Farm (Orwell), 22

Antenna farm, 85, 189

Anti-ballistic missiles, 134, 185, 189, 190, 191

Anti-submarine warfare, 95, 100, 130, 132, 187 Anti-tank weapons, 93, 100, 141, 153, 229

Appearances (military doctrine of), 114-115, 126, 292/n19

Arbatov, G., 123

Arbenz, J., 209-211, 213, 216

Arevalo, J., 206-209, 213, 216

Argentina, 17, 79

Aristotle, 286/n33

Arkin, W., 289/n35, 291/n19, 293/n7

Armed Forces Journal International, 152

Arms control. See Peace

Arms Control and Disarmament Agency (U.S.), 12, 232

Arms race (Russian-American): arguments for and against, 156-167, 244, 245; as a cause of America's military decline, 78-80, 90, 189, 191; characteristics of, 185-193; costs of, see costs of the arms race; history of, 155-194, 221; ineffectiveness of existing treaties, 188-189, 194; irrationality of, 86, 189, 194; repetitiveness of, 185, 189, 194; roots of, 159, 223-272; Russian comparative rationality towards, 23, 26-27, 32-33, 40, 117, 118, 124, 140, 185, 188, 194, 219; self-perpetuating features of, 190-191, 194; tactics of promoting the, 191-193, 194, 225-226; West as a pace setter in, 186-187, 194

Army (U.S.), 229

Asch, S. E., 307/n76

Ashby, E., 284/n3

Asia, 202

Asia Watch Committee, 287/n46

Asimov, I., 307/n72

Athens (city state of ancient Greece), 20, 69, 196, 226; democratic traditions of, 7, 143-144, 243; imperialism of, 257-258, 287/n51; Spartan garrisons in, 31

Atlantic Ocean, 138, 210

Atmospheric test ban treaty. See partial test ban

Atomic bomb. See A-bomb

Atomic secrecy (U.S.), 51, 167-169, 193, 263-264

Atomic theory, 42

Australia, 59, 145, 260

Austria, 172

Authoritarian efficiency. See myth of authoritarian efficiency

Aztec totalitarianism, 8

Bagdikian, B. H., 223, 305/n46

Baker, B. H., 305/n48

Ball, G. W., 307/n70

Ball, N., 290/n14, 297/n13

Ballistic missiles, 93, 96-97, 98, 100, 110, 119, 122, 132, 134, 135, 180, 182, 183; defensive measures against, 24, 110-113, 134; remote control of, 119, 183; strategic requirements of, 97-98, 101; with more than one warhead, 97, 109, 114, 115, 187, 190, 201, 233

Baltic republics, 24, 163, 184

Baltimore (MD), 97

Barnaby, F., 287/n2, 294/n18, 307/n52, 308/n6

Barnet, R. J., 301/n69, 304/n8

Baruch, B., 170

Baruch Plan, 169-171, 193, 197, 262

Batovrin, S., 13, 14

Bauman, Z., 308/n80

Bay of Pigs, 72, 267

Behaviorism, 5. See also Skinner, B.F.

Belief perseverance. See conceptual conservatism

Beria, L., 20

Bering Sea, 20

Berlin, 23, 149, 168, 197

Berlin, I., 155, 297/n3

Berlin Wall, 162

Berrigan, D., 257

Berrigan, P., 257

Bertram, C., 292/n20, 296/n40

Betts, R. K., 301/n68, 304/n10,

Bialer, S., 286/n29, 287/n41, 296/n43, 297/n18, 303/n38

Bible, 21, 303/n25

Bikini Atoll (1954 test explosion in), 55-57, 174

Biological weapons, 94, 100, 180, 187, 189, 191

Blackaby, F., 290/n14

Blasier, C., 303/n23

Blast (of nuclear explosions), 43, 44, 46-47, 48, 49, 51, 52, 55, 68, 76

Blechman, B. M., 302/n14

Boeing (a U.S. corporation), 87, 236

Bohr, N., 167, 298/n21

Bolshevism, 10, 40, 150, 158

Bombers, 72, 73, 75, 80, 85, 95-96, 98, 99, 100, 112, 116, 117, 119, 125, 127, 129-130, 132, 133, 134, 135, 182, 187, 191, 211

Bonhoeffer, D., 278, 308/n10

Bosworth, B. P., 300/n58

Bottome, E. M., 292/n4, 297/n55, 302/n5

Bozell, L. B., 305/n48

Bracken, P., 289/n45, 291/n7

Brave New World (Huxley), 9, 274

Brazil, 79, 83

Brezhnev, L. I., 162, 186

Brinkmanship: appraisal of, 218-220; roots of, 223-272; USA, 104-107, 121-122, 125, 126, 154, 156, 194, 195-203, 212, 218, 221, 222; USSR, 24, 221

Britain. See United Kingdom

British Colonial Office, 147, 232

Brodie, B., 291/n20, 293/n27, 294/n22, 299/n28, 301/n67, 302/n4, 302/n18, 304/n12

Brown, H., 114, 123, 126, 140, 141, 290/n10, 292/n19, 297/n17, 307/n50

Brown, J., 295/n39

Bukharin, N. I., 32

Bundy, M., 131, 289/n43, 292/n13, 292/n20, 294/n23, 298/n21, 299/n25, 302/n11, 307/n69

Bury, J. B., 307/n59

Bush, G., 74, 113, 179, 183, 184, 186, 197, 200

Cahn, P., 305/n23

Cahn, R., 305/n23

California, 60, 240

Caligula, G., 6-8, 9, 39

Callousness: individual, 39, 226, 231, 242-243, 257-259, 268, 270, 271; organizational, 20, 87, 128, 135, 225-230, 231-232, 235, 243, 249, 271

Campbell, C., 300/n52

Canada, 6, 16, 59, 145, 157, 172, 205

Canby, S. L., 295/n36

Cancer, 50, 51, 52, 53, 56, 58, 59, 64, 85, 215, 227, 247, 276

Capek, K., 195, 301/n3

Capra, F., 293/n6, 304/n8

Caribbean Legion, 206

Carter, J. E., 123, 142, 177, 180, 186, 199, 238, 293/n6, 294/n12

Castillo Armas, C., 211, 212

Castro, F., 72, 215

Catrina, C., 290/n51

Catudal, H. M., 289/n37, 293/n26, 295/n37

Cavalry gap, 141

Central America, 137, 204, 205, 206, 207, 213 Central Intelligence Agency (CIA); 15, 72, 88, 192, 211, 212, 218, 252

CFCs. See Chlorofluorocarbons

Chaliand, G., 302/n17

Charon, 223

Cheating. See verification

Chemical weapons, 94, 100, 188, 189, 191

Chicken behavior, 263

Childbed fever, 264-265

Child labor, 3, 214, 226, 244

Chile, 105, 164

China, 3, 5, 6, 8, 9, 27, 29-31, 38, 40, 59, 66, 70, 74, 79, 126, 134, 138, 139, 145, 146, 183, 210, 220, 244, 250, 286/n29

Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), 231, 233

Cholera, 67

Chomsky, N., 289/n44, 292/n7, 303/n33 305/n48 307/n58

Churchill, W., 167, 168-169, 257, 298/n21

CIA. See Central Intelligence Agency

C.I.S. See Commonwealth of Independent States

Civil defense, 135-136, 137, 149, 153

Civil defense gap, 135-136

Civil disobedience, 12, 70, 257, 283

Civil liberties, 2, 3, 5, 39, 88, 208, 212, 225, 278

Clarke, M., 288/n16

Cleveland (radioactive contamination of), 49-50

Cobalt (radioactive isotope of), 61

Cockburn, A., 295/n37, 296/n52

Cohen, A., 284, 292/n10, 301/n73

Collective misbehavior: roots of, 223-272; strategies against, xv, 193, 225, 231-232, 273-283

Collective self-determination, 3, 4, 5, 6, 30, 39, 212

Collingridge, D., 305/n21

Collins, J. M., 294/n13, 297/n14

Columbia, 163

Command, control, and communication, 98-99, 101, 121, 135, 151, 200

Commoner, B., 301/n72

Commonwealth of Independent States, 31, 33, 34, 35, 40, 59, 60, 96. See also Soviet Union

Communism (collapse of in): China, 220; Eastern Europe, 22-23; Soviet Union, 220

Comprehensive test ban, 158, 172, 174-178, 186, 194

Conant, J. B., 300/n63

Conceptual Conservatism, 261-266, 268, 269, 270, 271, experimental evidence for, 265-266; and failed prophecies, 261-263; and hardliners, 262-263; in natural science, 264-265; overlap with conformity, 308/n79; overlap with obedience, 308/n79; in politics, 263-264, 269

Conformity, 19, 37, 72, 249, 250, 252, 255-256, 266-267, 268, 270, 271, 282

Congress (U.S.), 88, 113, 116, 152, 164, 179, 186, 187, 208, 211, 229, 235, 236, 237, 238, 240, 243, 279

Conventional bombs, 43, 44, 76, 96

Conventional (non-nuclear) military balance, 137-154, 197, 295/n37

Conventional wars, 79, 80, 81-82, 90, 93, 137-154, 184, 191

Conventional weapons, 93-94, 100, 112, 150, 172, 183, 199

Cordesman, A. H., 294/n13

Corporate media (U.S.): 17, 87, 245-250, 305/n48; and censorship, 168, 179, 247, 250; and civil war in El Salvador, 305/n48; focus on trivia, 248-250; and Guatemala, 208, 211; influence of advertisers on, 247, 249, 282; and Iran, 246; and misinformation, 117-118, 120, 165, 174, 178, 189, 203, 207, 208, 211, 221, 223, 237, 245-250, 256-257, 260, 269, 271, 281, 282; and nuclear power, 305/n48; organizational features of, 249-250; and the Vietnam War, 246

Cortwright, D., 305/n35

Cosmopolitanism, 5

Costa Rica, 206, 215, 216

Costs of the arms race, 78-91, 102-103, 108, 156, 160, 162, 165, 166, 189, 218, 219, 269, 290/n14; conventional wars, 81-82, 90; economic, 80, 82-84, 88, 90-91, 166; environmental, 83, 84-85, 91, 166; human, 82-84, 90-91; imperialism, 86, 88-89, 91; militarism, 86-88, 91, 165, 166, 190; military, 78-80, 90, 159, 166, 176, 178, 189, 191, 194; moral, 86, 91, 165; plutodemocracy, 86, 88, 89, 91; psychological, 86, 88; risks of nuclear war, see nuclear war

Costs of Empire (USSR), 28-29, 40, 287/n43

Cox, A. M., 293/n2, 301/n77, 305/n28

Cox, J., 289/n47, 299/n32

Cruise missile, 95-96, 98, 100, 112, 129, 130, 133, 135, 180, 181, 182, 187, 292/n18

Cuba, 5, 24, 26, 28, 29, 59, 72-74, 138, 180, 202, 215-216, 284/n1c

Cuban Missile Crisis, 24, 71-74, 162, 176, 198, 284/n1c

Cutler, L., 304/n13d

Czechoslovakia, 22-23, 28, 145, 157, 211, 219

Dalai Lama, 30,

Daniel, D. C., 294/n12

Dark Ages, 66, 112, 274

Darley, J. M., 307/n65

Deadly connection. See brinkmanship; imperialism

Death Squadrons (Guatemala), 213

Defense Intelligence Agency (U.S.), 128, 229, 291/n22

Defensive "shield" in space. See space militarization,

De Kruif, P., 307/n73

Deliverable nuclear bombs (number of), 119, 129-130, 131, 137, 144, 153

Delivery vehicles, 79, 95-98, 100-101, 106, 108, 111, 112, 114, 118, 119, 124, 132, 137, 144, 179, 183. See also cruise missiles, bombers, ballistic missiles

Democratic efficiency, 36-39, 40-41, 143-144, 153, 160, 234

Democritus, 285/n17

Dennon, L. E., 290/n52, 307/n63

Denver (CO), 242

Department of Defense (U.S.), 82, 87, 147, 230, 237, 240, 245, 250-251; organizational anarchy and drift in, 147. See also Pentagon

Department of Energy (U.S.), 84-85, 230, 240

Department of State (U.S.), 207, 208, 210

Destler, I. M., 300/n53

Deterrence, 33, 79, 90, 98, 99, 102-103, 107, 109, 110, 114, 118, 119, 120, 121-122, 124, 125, 128, 131, 134, 144, 154, 184, 190, 194, 195-202, 203, 218, 221

Detroit (nuclear destruction of), 49, 54-55

DIA. See Defense Intelligence Agency

Diabetes, 67

Dialysis, 67

Dibb, P., 287/n42, 295/n37

Dickens, C., 3, 226

Dictatorship, 8, 9-10, 17, 20, 34, 36, 37, 39, 41, 70, 87, 88, 104, 105, 122, 163, 202, 207, 209, 221, 225, 233, 248, 249, 256, 276, 283; life in, 6-7, 8, 203-206, 212-215

Diem, Ngo Dinh, 88, 246

Dillon, G. M., 289/n41, 296/n50, 300/n61, 302/n16, 307/n77

Di Palma, G., 303/n26

Diphtheria, 66

Djilas, M., 304/n4

Doctors' Plot (USSR), 14

Doctor Zhivago (Pasternak), 32

DOE. See Department of Defense Dolan, P. J., 288/n4

Dominican Republic, 206

Doomsday clocks: environmental, 1-2; nuclear, 1; totalitarian, 2

Dorman, W., 305/n44

Dostoyevsky, F. M., 78, 212

Downing, J. D. H., 305/n48

Dubos, R., 304/n6

Dulles, J. F., 212

East Germany. See Germany, East

East India Company, 227

Eclecticism, 224

Economic freedom, 2, 5, 39

Economic performance, 142-143, 153

Edmonds, M., 296/n49

Education (and mind control): in USA, 203, 207, 246, 255-257, 260, 269, 271, 281; in USSR, 10, 19-20

Egginton, J., 304/n14

Egner, R. E., 290/n52, 307/n63

Egypt, 27

Eide, A., 302/n12

Einstein, A., 155, 305/n42

Eisenhower, D. D., 54, 173, 174, 175, 176, 183, 196, 197, 199, 211, 212, 252

Elections (U.S.), 235-239, 240-242, 243, 260, 271, 279, 280, 283; absence of real choice, 244, 245, 271; complexity and number of issues in, 87, 241, 244-245, 271. See also information; money in politics

Electromagnetic pulse (EMP), 44-45, 57

El Pulpo. See United Fruit Company

El Salvador, 26

Elsberg, D., 301/n74

EMP. See electromagnetic pulse

England. See United Kingdom

Engles, F., 10

Environmental decline, 1, 7, 17, 30, 33, 38, 40, 49, 68, 79, 81, 82, 84-85, 88, 91, 163, 165, 166, 225, 231, 234, 249, 257, 263, 274, 278, 282, 284/n3; roots of, 223-272. See also doomsday clocks; environmental pollution; global warming; ozone layer depletion

Environmental politics, 225, 227, 234-235, 276-277, 278

Environmental pollution, 3, 83, 85, 91, 161, 165, 225, 233, 234, 240, 244

Environmental Protection Agency (U.S.), 234, 275

Environmental warfare, 81-82, 94

Epstein, J. M., 295/n35

Estonia, 3, 24, 145

Ethiopia, 28

Europe, 4, 57, 59, 96, 97, 125, 129, 130, 133, 138, 139, 140, 153, 182, 183, 191, 193, 196, 258; Central, 140, 141, 153; Eastern, 22-23, 26, 28-29, 38, 88, 140, 145, 183, 196, 200; Northern, 17; Western, 28, 60, 130, 137, 138, 139, 143, 144, 145, 153, 184, 200

Evacuation of cities (in wartime), 135-136, 149, 191

Evernden, J. F., 300/n41

Experts, 252-255, 271; as committed advocates, 252; feigned dissent of, 256-257; financial predicament of, 254-255; role in deceiving the public, 174, 253-254, 281; selection of, 252; traditional view of, 252

Explosive yield (of nuclear weapons), 43-46, 51, 54, 55, 58, 75, 77, 95, 130, 131, 137, 153, 191

Extinction. See human extinction; species extinction

Eye for an Eye, An (Guatemala), 213

Failed prophecies, 261-263

Fairness in politics legislation, 279-282, 283; as an-all-or-nothing package, 282, 283; analogy to sports, 279-280, 283; components of, 280-282, 283; merits of, 279-280

Falklands War, 138

Fallout, 48, 55-56, 63, 65, 77, 174; decay of, 49; delayed (global), 48-50, 58, 60-61; early (local), 48-50, 53, 55, 58, 68. See also ionizing radiation; nuclear explosions; radioactive contamination

Fallout shelters, 49, 56, 68, 136, 149

Fallows, J., 304/n11, 304/n12

Farley, C., 307/n60

Fascism, 4, 79

FBI. See Federal Bureau of Investigation

Federal Bureau of Investigation (U.S.), 237

Federal Election Commission (U.S.), 237

Federal Republic of Germany. See Germany, West

Federal Reserve System (U.S.), 281

Fermi, E., 171

Ferrell, R. H., 308/n83

Festinger, L., 307/n66

Findling, J. E., 303/n22

Finland, 16, 24, 33, 183; Russian naval bases in, 173; status of freedom in, 26; Winter War of, 24-26, 40, 139, 294/n14c

Fireball (of nuclear explosions), 45-46, 48, 55

First strike, 74, 106, 115, 116, 117-119, 125, 129, 133, 134. See also surprise nuclear attack; window of vulnerability

First use (of nuclear bombs), 179, 200, 221

Fission bomb. See A-bomb

Flag-rank officers, 147

Forsberg, R., 308/n8

Foster, G. D., 291/n21, 300/n51, 304/n9

France, 28, 74, 79, 125, 130, 133, 134, 137, 144, 146, 172, 212, 217, 232

Franco, F., 205

Frankel, C., 102, 292/n2

Frankland, M., 299/n34, 305/n43

Freedom: alternative definitions of, 4-5; components of, 2-4, 39, 284/n5; practical definition of, 2-5; ranking of countries, 4-6. See also myth of authoritarian efficiency; totalitarianism

Frei, D., 290/n51

Fried, J. L., 302/n20

Friedman, M., 297/n11

Fulbright, J. W., 87, 181, 251, 289/n39, 291/n23, 306/n49

Fusion bomb. See H-bomb

Galbraith, J. K., 286/n27b, 307/n57

Galileo (Galilei), 20-21

Gandhi, M., 257

Gannon, J. P., 305/n33

"Gap:" biological weapons, 191; bomber, 191; cavalry, 141; chemical weapons, 191; civil defense, 135-136; conventional war, 191, 197; missile, 116, 191, 253; overall, 191

Garthoff, R. 289/n34e, 293/n22b, 293/n25, 294/n14, 294/n21, 297/n16, 300/n48

Gastroenteritis, 66

Gelb, L. H., 301/n68, 304/n10

Gene pool, 62, 77

General Electric (a U.S. corporation), 305/n48

Genetic defects, 51, 53, 58, 59, 62, 159

Genetics, 9; in USSR, 21

Genetic twilight, 62

Genocide. See holocaust

Georgia (ex-Soviet republic), 146

German emigration (from USSR), 164

Germany, 29, 33, 66, 79, 144, 146, 155, 200; East, 29, 145; Nazi, 8, 9, 14, 24, 25, 28, 29, 139, 145, 146, 150, 151, 157, 166, 268-269, 278; West, 29, 92, 146

Gervasi, T., 294/n20

Ghana, 27

Glasstone, S., 288/n4

Global warming, 63, 82, 165, 166, 231

Gold, S., 303/n30

Goldwater, B. M., 238, 305/n29

Goodwin, P., 288/n7

Gorbachev, M. S., 14, 26, 31, 34, 73, 120, 124, 157, 162-163, 181, 184, 221, 262, 264, 287/n48, 300/n62, 307/n71

Government (manipulation and suppression of information by), 9, 51, 87, 88, 107, 174, 178, 196, 208, 211-212, 218, 223, 243, 250-252, 256-257, 260, 261, 269, 271, 281; about military balance, 126-129, 151, 152, 153-154, 191-193, 251-252, 253, 294/n12; through military jargon, 92-93, 100; through presidential commissions, 250, 251; USSR, 10, 12, 20-23, 223, 269

Gowing, M., 298/n20b

Graebner, N. A., 298/n21, 299/n35

Grant, M., 303/n30

Grapes of Wrath (Steinbeck), 205

Gray, C. S., 292/n11, 302/n4e

"Great Patriotic War." See World War II

Greece (ancient), 4, 31, 226, 257-258. See also Athens

Greece (modern), 105, 202, 209,

Greenhouse effect. See global warming

Green, R. W., 305/n32

Gregory, S., 289/n46, 290/n4

Grenada, 147

Grieb, K. J., 303/n24

Griffiths F., 289/n42

Gromyko, A. A., 179

Ground forces, 139-140, 175, 183

Guatemala, 5, 203-217; agrarian reforms in, 209-210; American intervention in, 88-89, 164, 173, 203-217, 221, 283; under Arbenz, 209-211; under Arevalo, 206-209; as a "beachhead for Soviet communism," 89, 207-208, 211, 212; CIA in, 211; contemporary politics in, 213-215; and Costa Rica, 206, 215; and Cuba, 5, 215-216; feudalism in, 203, 206, 209, 212; foreign corporations in, 204-205, 208, 210-211, 213; human costs of American intervention in, 89, 212-215, 216-217; Native Americans in, 205, 210, 214; and nuclear coercion, 198-199, 211, 212, 219; quality of life in, 203-205, 208-209, 213-215; railroads of, 204, 208, 210; state terrorism in, 206, 212-214; and United Fruit Company, 204-205, 208, 210, 212, 213, 214; as a U.S. protectorate, 205; wealth distribution in, 203-205, 210

Guatemalan Spring (1945-54), 203, 206-211, 213

Gulag, 13, 14, 17, 269

Gulag Archipelago (Solzhenitsyn), 32

Hachiya, M., 288/n12, 293/n23 Haiphong Harbor, 164

Haldeman, H. R. (Bob), 195, 301/n1

Half-life (of radioactive isotopes), 49

Hamilton, M., 299/n24

Hanrieder, W. F., 300/n64

Hardline supremacy (U.S.), 186, 189, 194, 219

Harkavy, R., 295/n36

Harriman, A., 244, 297/n9a

H-bomb, 43, 75, 193, 241, 263; American decision to develop, 171, 185, 190, 201, 262; first explosion of, 262, 307/n67

Heat (of nuclear explosions), 43, 44, 45-46, 47, 48, 49, 51, 64, 68, 76

Heilbroner, R. L., 297/n12

Heisbourg, F., 287/n50

Helicopters, 141, 229

Helium, 43

Herken, G., 299/n26

Herman, E. S., 305/n48

Herodotus, 143, 296/n44

Hiroshima bomb, 45, 47, 51, 53, 54, 77, 95

Hiroshima (nuclear destruction of), 51-54, 58, 95, 117, 152, 169, 198, 263; survivors of, 52, 53, 54, 58, 59, 66, 77, 117

History (distortions of): in USA, 218, 248, 255, 256, 299/n33, 301/n76; in USSR, 20

Hitler, A., 9, 25, 209, 260, 263

Ho Chi Minh, 195

Hodgson, D., 307/n60

Hoefler-Nissani, D. M., 307/n74

Holdren, J. P., 292/n10, 301/n73

Holloway, D., 294/n10, 297/n13b, 298/n20, 307/n67

Holocaust: Guatemalan, 216-217; Indonesian, 105; Iraqi, see Persian Gulf War; Kampuchean, 105; Native American, 196; Nazi, 268-269; nuclear, see nuclear war; Stalinist, 32, 216, 269; Tibetan, 30-31, 216

Holy Inquisition, 8

House of Representatives (U.S.), 229, 235

Hugo, V., 226, 303/n25

Human extinction, 1, 2, 4, 69, 76, 77, 222, 273-274

Humanitarians. See specific reformers

Humankind (future of), xv, 1-2, 47, 218, 222, 231, 273, 274, 275, 276, 279, 282

Hume, D., 223, 303/n3

Humphrey, H. H., 308/n12

Hungary, 137, 146

Hunger, 1, 3, 13, 17, 30, 63, 65-66, 67, 68, 83-84, 104, 149, 203, 212, 215, 216, 225, 263

Hussein, S., 8, 70, 74, 105 Huxley, A., 9, 92, 240, 241, 248, 261, 305/n36

Hydrogen, 43, 48

Hydrogen bomb. See H-bomb

Hypnosis, 260-261

ICBM, (intercontinental ballistic missiles). See ballistic missiles; land-based missiles

Immerman, R. H., 302/n21

Imperialism, 86, 107, 157, 195, 196, 202-218, 222; appraisal of, 156, 218-220; excuses for, 88-89, 91, 202-203, 221; roots of, 223-272

Imperial Presidency (U.S.), 186, 194

Incendiary bombs, 44, 94

India, 30, 59, 79

Indians. See Native Americans

Individual callousness, 39, 226, 231, 242-243, 257-259, 268, 270, 271

Indoctrination, 4, 40, 89, 215, 250-251, 256-257, 260, 261, 271, 281

Indoctrinability, 260-261

Indonesia, 27, 38, 105, 112

In Dubious Battle (Steinbeck), 205

Infant mortality, 83, 215, 216, 245

Infectious diseases, 215, 216

Inflation, 84, 241

Influenza, 215

Information (suppression and manipulation of), 155, 191-193, 194, 196, 243-257, 271, 278, 281, 282. See also corporate media; education; elections; experts; government; money and politics; politicians

Informed public (as a key to a better future), 275, 278

INF treaty. See treaty on European missiles

Initial radiation (of nuclear explosions), 43, 46, 47-48, 50, 51, 68, 76

Inquisition. See Holy Inquisition

Institutions. See organizations

Intellectual freedom, 1, 3-4, 5, 39, 204

Interdisciplinary approach (to the study of the Cold War), xiii-xvi, 225

Intermediate-range missiles, 97, 130, 182, 188, 191, 193

Interservice rivalry (in U.S. Armed Forces), 147, 188, 228-229, 242

Interventionary forces, 105, 138, 141-142, 153, 180, 191, 197

Iodine (radioactive isotope of), 48

Ionizing radiation, 44, 47-51, 76-77, 131; initial radiation, 43, 46, 47-48, 50, 51, 68, 76; medical effects of, 47, 49, 50-51, 52-53, 56, 57, 58, 68, 288/n8; psychological effects of, 47, 53, 56; X-rays, 47. See also fallout; nuclear explosions

Iran, 8, 23, 105, 138, 147, 206, 217, 246, 252

Iran-Contra Scandal, 87

Iraq, 8, 38, 61, 81-82, 105

Iron Triangle (U.S.), 240

Iskander, F., 273, 308/n2

Israel, 15, 18, 74, 79, 89,133, 134, 140, 146, 198, 286/n27a, 295/n29, 295/n39

Italy, 15, 21

Jackson, H., 236

Jacobsen, C. G., 290/n11, 294/n11, 296/n42, 304/n8

Jacobson, G. C., 305/n26b

Japan, xv, 51, 54, 55, 57, 66, 79, 117, 143, 144, 145, 146, 163, 198, 263, 264

Jasani, B., 291/n8

Jaspers, K., 284/n4

Jefferson, T., 245

Jewish emigration (from USSR), 163, 164, 183

Job, 65

Joint Chiefs of Staff (U.S.), 72, 177

Jordan, 5

Kamenev, L. B., 32

Kampuchea, 29, 105

Kaplan, S. S., 302/n14

Karnow, S., 302/n18

Kaufmann, W. W., 300/n44

Kazutoshi, H., 288/n9

Kennedy, J. F., 71, 72, 73, 74, 131, 176, 177, 186, 191, 198, 253, 280, 308/n11

Kennedy, R., 285/n18

Kennedy, R. F., 71-72, 289/n40

KGB. See Secret Police (USSR)

Khmer Rouge, 105

Khrushchev, N. S., 1, 16, 25, 32, 34, 71, 73, 75, 157, 162, 163, 175-176, 186, 221, 244, 284/n1, 286/n38, 289/n38, 296/n47b, 297/n54, 299/n31a

Khudenko, I., 18

Kibbutz, 18, 89

"Killer" submarines, 132, 201

Kiloton (definition of), 43

Kinzer, S., 303/n27

Kirby, D. G., 286/n39

Kissinger, H., 302/n7

Kistiakowsky, G., 299/n37a

Klare, M. T., 295/n34

Klein, K. H., 307/n68

Knelman, F. H., 295/n37, 296/n40b, 300/n65,

Kolodziej, E. A., 295/n36

Komarov, B., 288/n20

Komsomolskaya Pravda, 32

Korb, L. J., 254, 300/n44

Korea, 51, 209, 295/n28; North, 59; South, 16, 26, 59, 96, 129, 133

Korean War, 23-24, 172, 199, 206, 209

Krasnodar (Russia), 163

Krass, A. S., 297/n6

Kt. (definition of), 43

Kuhn, T. S., 307/n72

Kunkel, J. C., 307/n68

Kurtz, L. R., 284

Kuwait, 3, 81-82, 142

Laird, R. F., 302/n8

Land-based missiles, 59, 97, 115, 116, 119, 125, 132, 133, 180, 182. See also ballistic missiles; missiles

Laos, 29

Lapidus, G. W., 285/n16

Lapland, 6

Lasers, 43, 100, 110, 134, 187, 197, 220

Las Vegas (NV), 280

Latin America, 138, 202, 205, 208, 216

Latvia, 24

Launch under attack, 74, 116, 118-119, 122

League of Nations, 270

Lebanon, 147

Lebow, R. N., 300/n64

Lederer, W. J., 302/n18, 303/n36, 305/n45

Lee, M. A., 305/n48

Lee, S., 284, 292/n10, 301/n73

Lehman, J., 254

Leitenberg, M., 290/n14, 302/n12

LeMay, C., 302/n4d

Lend-lease, 20

Leningrad. See St. Petersburg

Leninism, 23, 34, 165

Lenin, V. I., 10, 20, 34, 118, 142

Leontief, W. W., 297/n10

Levi, W., 289/n33

Libertarianism, 4

Lichter, S. R., 305/n48

Lieberman, J. I., 298/n21, 299/n23

Lieberman, V., 14

Life expectancy, 67, 215

Lifton, R. J., 287/n48, 288/n13

Lilienthal, D. E., 300/n63

Limited nuclear war, 27, 57, 202, 253

Linkage (as an argument against peace), 163-165, 297/n18

Lithuania, 24

London (England), 238

London, J., 288/n26

Los Alamos (NM), 168

Love Canal (NY), 230

Lowey, J., 303/n32

Loyalty (of troops), 142, 145-146, 151, 153

Luttwak, E. N., 287/n41, 287/n42b, 292/n9, 295/n32, 296/n48, 301/n71, 301/n73, 302/n9

M-16 rifle, 228-229

Macmillan, H., 175, 186

Madison (WI), 54

Madman theory. See brinkmanship

Malaria, 66, 67, 81, 104, 216, 217

Malbin, M. J., 305/n26

Malcolmson, R. W., 284, 302/n4

Malthus, T. R., 304/n5

Mandela, N., 105, 252

Mandelbaum, M., 301/n66

Manhattan Project, 162, 167, 168, 193, 263

Mao Tse-Tung, 9

Markusen, E., 287/n48

Mars, 110

Marxism, 10, 18, 21, 22, 246, 260, 285/n9

Marxism-Leninism, 15, 21

Marx, K., 10, 20, 22, 142, 276

Mass media. See corporate media

Matsu (Taiwan), 199

May, B., 286/n27

McGovern, G., 257

McNamara, R., 201, 288/n14

McPherson, K. A., 296/n49

Media. See corporate media

Medvedev, Z., 286/n36, 288/n18, 288/n19, 291/n15, 296/n53, 297/n55, 307/n67

Meek, R. L., 304/n5

Megaton (definition of), 43

Melville, A., 285/n16

Menon, R., 287/n43, 295/n25, 295/n34, 301/n70, 301/n75, 303/n35

Mexico, 6, 138, 209, 216

Middle East, 8, 38-39, 137, 200

Milgram, S., 268, 308/n78

Militarism, 70, 86-88, 91, 165, 166, 167, 190, 219, 282

Military balance (Soviet-American), xv, 27-28, 123-154, 187, 221, 250; as a rationale for the arms race, 123, 137, 155; unreliability of data about, 126-129, 152, 153-154, 191-193, 251-252, 294/n12. See also conventional military balance; nuclear military balance

Military bases (abroad), 138, 153, 173

Military budget. See military spending

Military-industrial complex, 184-185

Military jargon, 92-93, 100

Military spending, 33, 80, 82-83, 93, 95, 100, 109, 136, 139, 143, 149, 160, 161, 162, 180, 183, 184, 192, 244, 254, 290/n14

Mill, J. S., 102, 286/n26, 291/n1

Miller, G. T., 288/n21, 290/n13, 304/n16, 305/n48

Miller, J., 285/n8

Miller, W., 286/n28 Miller, W. G., 286/n31, 290/n50, 300/n49, 307/n70

Minh, Ho Chi, 195

Minimum deterrent, 33, 109, 110, 124, 157

MIRV. See multiple warheads

Missile "gap," 116, 191, 253

Missiles, xiv, 12, 24, 45, 70, 72, 74, 75, 79, 80, 92, 98, 109, 110, 111, 112, 115, 116, 117, 118, 119, 125, 127, 130, 133, 149, 162, 187, 190, 220. See also-cruise, intermediate-range, land-based, short-range, solid-fuel; surface-to-air- missiles

Missile submarines, 71, 97, 99, 116, 125, 132-133, 135, 180, 187

Mohammed, 262

Moment of Hope, 163, 172-173, 193, 211

Money in politics, 235-239, 240, 241, 278, 279, 280, 283. See also corporate media; elections

Mongolia, 29

Moody, P. M., 288/n23

Morris, C. R., 286/n34, 295/n37, 295/n39, 300/n55

Moscow, 11, 13, 21, 92, 98, 112, 124, 151, 159, 162, 163, 190, 193

Motyl, A. J., 287/n49

Mount Safa, 262

Mt. (definition of), 43

Muller, H. G., 27, 288/n23

Multiple warheads (of a single ballistic missile), 97, 109, 110, 114, 115, 187, 190, 201, 233

Mumford, L., 195

Mussolini, B., 205

MX missile, 85, 93, 239, 253-254

Mylroie, L., 285/n8

Myrdal, A., 223, 299/n27, 303/n2, 308/n5

Myth of authoritarian efficiency, 36-39, 40-41, 159-160, 287/n53

1984 (Orwell), 9

Nagasaki (nuclear destruction of), 51, 53, 198, 221, 263

NASA. See National Aeronautics and Space Administration

Nathan, O., 297/n2, 298/n21, 305/n42

National Academy of Sciences (U.S.), 135, 179

National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), 240

National Broadcasting Corporation (a U.S. corporation), 305/n48

Native Americans, 65, 196, 205, 210, 214

Native Australians, 4, 260

NATO. See North Atlantic Treaty Organization Navy: of USA, 73, 80, 86, 135, 141, 147, 153, 229, 254; of U.K., 138; of USSR, 138, 141, 153, 173

Nazi Germany. See Germany, Nazi

Nazism, 7

NBC. See National Broadcasting Corporation

Neal, F. W., 299/n37

Nebraska, 92

Negative income tax, 161

Neidle, A. F., 293/n22b, 300/n40

Nelson, D. N., 287/n43, 295/n25, 295/n34, 296/n46, 301/n70, 301/n75, 303/n35

Nelson, L.-E., 307/n55

Netherlands, 83

Neutron bomb, 43

Neutrons. See ionizing radiation

Nevada, 85

New Biology, 166

New Guinea, 229

New Jersey, 56

New Orleans, 206

New political thinking (USSR), 32-33, 40, 163, 257

Newspapers. See corporate media

Newsweek, 242, 247

New York City, 179, 227

New York State, 244

New York Times, 181

Ngo Dinh Diem, 88, 246

Nicaragua, 105, 137, 206, 211

Nissani, M., 307/n74, 307/n75, 308/n79

Nixon, R. M., 195, 257

Noel-Baker, P., 299/n30

Non-proliferation treaty, 188

Norden, H., 297/n2, 298/n21, 305/n42

North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), 139-141, 151, 184

North Carolina, 75

Norway, 15, 25

Novi Mir, 32

Nuclear arms race. See arms race

Nuclear asymmetry, 106, 156, 182, 201

Nuclear blackmail. See brinkmanship; nuclear coercion

Nuclear coercion, 24, 33, 74, 80, 90, 98, 105-107, 116, 124, 144, 198-199, 211, 212, 219, 220, 221

Nuclear explosions: blast of, 43, 44, 46-47, 48, 49, 51, 52, 55, 76; effects of, 44-57; electromagnetic pulse (EMP) of, 44-45, 57; fireball of, 45-46, 48, 55; fires caused by, 46, 47, 48, 49, 51, 52; heat of, 43, 44, 45-46, 47, 48, 49, 51, 64, 68, 76; medical effects of, 50-51, 52-53; radiation of, see ionizing radiation; ultraviolet pulse of, 44; uncertainty regarding effects of, 44, 51, 55; yield of, 43-46, 51, 54, 55, 58, 75, 77, 95, 130, 131, 137, 153, 191. See also, Bikini Atoll; comprehensive test ban; Hiroshima explosion; nuclear bombs; partial test ban

Nuclear freeze, 179-180, 181

Nuclear holocaust. See nuclear war

Nuclear military balance, 105-107, 129-137, 153, 180-181, 182, 198

Nuclear overkill. See overkill

Nuclear power plants, 233, 276, 283; accidents in, 60; media coverage of, 305/n48; as a national security risk, 61; wartime destruction of, 59-61, 81

Nuclear proliferation. See Nuclear weapons proliferation

Nuclear reactors, 85, 97, 233, 305/n48

Nuclear retaliation, 45, 75, 79, 98, 106, 109, 110, 115, 117, 119-120, 122, 125, 133, 144, 190, 197

Nuclear terrorists, 70, 80, 90

Nuclear test ban. See comprehensive test ban; partial test ban

Nuclear war, xiii, xv, 1, 2, 7, 27, 40, 42-77, 78, 90, 95, 96, 99, 103, 106, 107, 108, 120, 121, 136, 160, 166, 168, 184, 186, 195, 196, 197, 199, 219, 235, 254, 257, 269, 274, 275; accidental, 71-75, 80, 90, 98, 119, 120, 183, 263, 290/n51; destruction of nuclear power plants during, 59-61, 81; differences from single nuclear explosions, 53-54; direct effects of, 58-62; economic effects of, 58, 65-66, 77; environmental effects of, 57-61, 62-65, 77, 112, 120, 125, 131, 195, 220; genetic effects of, 62; human extinction by, 1, 69, 76, 77; indirect effects of, 62-69; international effects of, 66; limited, 27, 57, 202, 253; medical effects of, 50-51, 52-53, 66-67, 77, 288/n8; population impact of, 68, 77; probability of, 70, 76, 77, 184; reality of peril of, 69-76, 77; Russian comparative rationality towards, 23, 26-27, 32-33, 40, 117, 118, 124, 140, 185, 188, 194, 219; social effects of, 68-69; uncertainty concerning effects of, 44, 51, 55, 57-58, 62-63, 77; use of cobalt-60 ("salting") during, 61-62; victory in, 108-113, 122, 159, 160, 196, 199-200, 202

Nuclear weapon accidents, 84, 98, 289/n42, 289/n45

Nuclear weapons proliferation, 70, 76, 79-80, 165, 166, 188, 263

Nuclear weapon tests, 49, 55, 56, 62, 85, 158-159, 170, 171, 172, 174-179, 181, 186, 188, 189, 194, 198, 200, 262

Nuclear winter, 57, 63, 65, 136

Nye, J. S., 297/n18

Obedience to authority, 256, 267-269, 270, 271

October Revolution (Russia), 19, 24

Office of Technology Assessment (of U.S. Congress), 113

O'Keefe, B. J., 288/n15, 293/n3, 299/n22, 307/n54

On-site inspections, 158, 172, 176-177

Open skies proposal: Bush's, 183, 197; Eisenhower's, 173, 183, 197

Operation "Desert Shield." See Persian Gulf War

Oppenheimer, J. R., 124

Organization of American States, 214

Organizations: callousness of, 20, 87, 128, 135, 147-149, 225-230, 231-232, 235, 243, 249, 271; control over members of, 239, 245, 249-250; decay of, 147, 232; inefficiencies of, 146-149, 153, 271, 296/n48b; inertia of, 234-235, 271; logic of, 147, 148, 232, 239; revolving doors in, 239-240, 249, 271; rigidity of, 232-234, 271; suicidal tendencies of, 61, 230-232, 243, 271. See also gap; money in politics; phony controversies

Orwell, G., 9, 11, 22, 286/n35

Ostheimer, J. M., 292/n2

Ostheimer, N. C., 292/n2

Outspokenness (of retired Western officials), 187-188, 194

Overkill, 123-126, 128, 137, 140, 152, 153, 154, 157, 159, 162, 171, 192, 201, 221, 293/n6. See also minimum deterrent; nuclear military balance

Overpopulation, 7, 68, 165

Ozone layer, 57, 63-65, 85, 165, 166, 230-231

Pacifist strategies, 258-259

PACS. See political action committees

Pakistan, 59, 79

Parenti, M., 284, 285/n19, 305/n48

Paris, 98, 195, 238

Parkinson, C. N., 147, 232, 296/n51, 304/n20

Partial test ban, 177, 188-189

Partridge, E., 307/n68

Pasternak, B., 32

Paterson, T. G., 299/n31

Payne, K., 292/n11

PBB, 230

Peace: arguments against, 156-165, 244, 245; arguments for, 166-167; economic challenges of, 160-161; political strategies aimed at, xv, 186, 225, 231-232, 273-283

Peace movements: in West, 12, 13, 193; in USSR, 12-13

Pearl Harbor, 189

Pearl, R., 246

Peattie, L., 308/n81

Pellagra, 66

Peloponnesian War, 31, 196

Penal battalions (USSR), 150, 151

Penetrability (of ionizing radiation), 47, 61

Pentagon, 87, 131, 137, 184, 201, 228, 254. See also Department of Defense

Pentagon Propaganda Machine, The (Fulbright), 251

Pericles, 243, 302/n6

Persian Gulf, 82, 199

Persian Gulf War, 61, 81-82, 96, 105, 134, 139, 141, 142, 186, 245, 257

Persian Wars, 257

Peterson, J., 288/n11, 294/n16

Peto, R., 304/n7

Pfaltzgraff, R. L., 305/n48

Philippines, 105

Phony controversies, 225-230, 244, 271

Pilisuk, Marc, 307/n53

Piller, Charles, 291/n4, 300/n45

Pittsburgh (PA), 97

Plague, 66, 67

Plato, 224

Plutodemocracy, 38, 86, 88, 89, 91, 166, 215

Plutonium, 43, 48, 49, 61

Pneumonia, 67, 215

Poland, 24, 25, 28, 145

Polanyi, J. C., 289/n42

Poliomyelitis, 66

Politburo (USSR), 145

Political action committees (PACs), 236-237, 238

Political freedom, 2, 3, 5, 39, 212

Political literacy, xiv, 246, 250, 261, 270, 271

Politicians: character of, 242-243; professional background of, 151, 243

Pollution (environmental), 3, 83, 85, 91, 161, 165, 225, 233, 234, 240, 244

Polmar, N., 289/n36, 295/n26

Popper, K. R., 102, 287/n53, 292/n3, 305/n22

Post-hypnotic suggestion, 260-261

Potsdam, 168-169, 193

Prague Spring, 22, 24, 164, 166. See also Czechoslovakia

Presidential commissions, 250, 251

Pringle, P., 289/n35, 291/n19, 293/n7

Proffer, C., 285/n23

Proffer, E., 285/n23 Proliferation. See nuclear weapons proliferation,

Quarles, J., 305/24, 308/n7

Quemoy (Taiwan), 199

Ra'anan, U., 305/n48

Radar, 45, 74, 99, 134

Radiation. See ionizing radiation; fallout

Radiation sickness, 47, 50-51, 52, 56, 77

Radio. See corporate media

Radioactive contamination, 47, 49-50, 53, 55, 56, 58-63, 65, 68, 77, 81, 82, 84-85, 91, 277

Radioactive waste, 84-85

Rain forests, 83

Ramazani, R. K., 303/n37

RAND Corporation, 254

Raytheon Company, 254

Reagan, R., 75, 110, 116, 123, 131, 162, 178, 179, 180, 181, 182, 184, 185, 191, 253, 254, 257, 292/n12, 300/n65

Recombinant DNA, 291/n4

Reductionism, 224

Reeves, R., 305/n30

Reformation, 226

Reform strategies, xv, 186, 193, 225, 231-232, 273-283; broad platform, 275-276, 278, 283; specific, see specific reformers; surgical, see surgical reform strategies

Renaissance, 10

Report on the Motor Car, 233

Reppy, J., 297/n13a

Retired officials (comparative outspokenness of), 187-188, 194

Revolving doors, 239-240, 249, 271

Reykjavik, 181

Riding, A., 303/n28

Rockefeller, N., 244

Roman Catholic Church, 20, 214, 226

Roman Empire, 9, 226; under Caligula, 6-8, 39

Romania, 3

Romm, J. J., 302/n15

Roosevelt, F. D., 167

Rosefielde, S., 301/n76

Rothman, S., 305/n48

Rubin, B., 286/n37

Rumble, G., 292/n8, 302/n7

Russell, B., 10, 76, 258, 260, 285/n9, 285/n17, 290/n52, 298/n21, 307/n60, 307/n63

Russia. See Commonwealth of Independent States; Soviet Union

Russian Empire (to 1917), 24, 144

Sacramento (CA), 240

Sakharov, A. D., 286/n30

Salitan, L. P., 297/n18 SALT. see Strategic Arms Limitations Talks

Salting, 61-62

Samson, 73

Satellites, 74, 85, 99-100, 101, 113, 162, 187. See also space militarization

Saudi Arabia, 186, 233

Scandinavia, 161

Schlesinger, S., 303/n27

Schneiderman, M., 304/n7

Schopenhauer, A., 305/n22a

Schwartz, W. A., 284, 289/n34, 289/n38, 290/n3, 291/n3, 295/n29, 300/n56, 302/n13

Science (natural), 9, 20, 21, 36, 40, 42, 37, 92, 111, 153, 155, 232, 233; and conceptual conservatism, 264-265; mentality of, 10, 37, 233, 298/n21; as a model for politics, 233, 298/n21; nature of, 20, 22, 36, 233, 234, 255, 270; as a threat to the human prospect, 166, 195, 273, 274, 276

Scientific mentality, 10, 37, 233, 298/n21

Scowcroft, B., 292/n21

Scurvy, 66

SDI ("Strategic Defense Initiative"). See space militarization

Seaborg, G. T., 297/n9

Seattle (nuclear destruction of), 118

Secret Police: of France, 217; of Iraq, 8; of Sparta, 31; of USSR: 11, 12, 18, 20

Semmelweis, I., 264-265

Senate (U.S.), 87, 177, 229, 235, 236, 238

Shakespeare, W., 269

Shaw, G. B., 27

Shelley, P. B., 42

Sherwin, M. J., 298/n21

Short-range missiles, 183

Shure, G. H., 307/n61

Sienkiewicz, S., 295/n39

Sivard, R., 290/n12

Skinner, B. F., 9, 224

Skinnerism, 7

Smallpox, 66

Smith, A., 158, 224, 303/n3

Smith, D., 301/n74

Smith, H., 285/n20, 286/n30, 298/n19, 300/n50, 304/n13

Smoking controversy, 227, 246-247, 280

Snow, D. M., 295/n24

Snyder, W. P., 295/n39

Social ills: roots of, 223-272; strategies against, xv, 193, 225, 273-283. See also collective misbehavior

Social justice, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 36-37, 39, 86, 287/n51 Solid-fuel missiles, 64, 85, 132, 292/n16

Solomon, N., 305/n48

Solon, 7, 287/n51

Solzhenitsyn, A. I., 270, 285/n13, 296/n47, 297/n4, 308/n82

Somoza (ruling family of Nicaragua), 88

South Africa, 59, 79, 105, 112, 250

Southeast Asia, 59

Soviet/American arms race. See arms race

Soviet/American military balance. See military balance

Soviet Union (1917-1984), 9-29; Academy of Sciences of, 168; agriculture of, 17-19, 21, 141, 143, 146, 149, 226, 285/n24c, 286/n27a; comparative nuclear rationality of, 23, 26-27, 32-33, 40, 117, 118, 124, 140, 185, 188, 194, 219; consumer goods in, 15-17, 142; ecological irresponsibility of, 17, 37-38, 88, 285/n24c; economic performance of, 15-17, 142-143, 161, 192; education in, 10, 19-20; ethnic strife in, 145, 148; foreign policies of, see Soviet Union, 1917-1984, foreign policies of; freedom ranking of, 5; genetics in, 21; German emigration from, 164; historical scholarship in, 20; holocaust of, 32, 216, 269; inefficiencies in armed forces of, 148-149, 153; Institute of Applied Social Research of, 21-22; invasion of Czechoslovakia by, 22-23, 164, 166; Jewish emigration from, 163, 164, 183; labor camps of, 13, 14, 17, 269; language manipulation in, 22-23; literary propaganda in, 19; manipulation and suppression of information in, 10, 12, 20-23, 305/n48; material living standards in, 15-19; miscarriage of justice in, 11-15; nuclear accidents in, 75; nuclear destruction of, 58-59, 116; October Revolution of,19, 24; pact with Nazi Germany of, 24; paved roads in, 143; peace groups in, 12-13; penal battalions of, 150, 151; science of, 21, 286/n36b; secret police of, 11, 12, 18, 20; sociology in, 21-22; Third World policies of, 202, 217; totalitarianism in, 9-23, 40, 120; Transportation system in, 142-143; Winter War with Finland of, 24-26, 40, 139, 294/n14c

Soviet Union (1917-1984; foreign policies of), 23-29, 40, 164; costs of empire of, 28, 29, 40, 287/n43; failures of, 27-28, 40; misconceptions about, 26-29; nuclear rationality of, 23, 26-27, 32-33, 40, 117, 118, 124, 140, 185, 188, 194, 219; parallels to Nazi Germany, 28-29

Soviet Union (1985-1991), 31-36: democratization in, 32, 35, 40, 163, 200-201; disarmament policies of, 32-33; dissolution of, 31, 140, 152, 200; economic decline in, 35, 200; ethnic strife in, 35; new political thinking of, 32-33, 40, 163, 257; pullout from Afghanistan of, 28, 32; transformation of into Commonwealth of Independent States, 31; uncertain future of, 34-35, 40, 163

Soviet Union (before 1917). See Russian Empire

Soviet Union (1992-). See Commonwealth of Independent States

Space militarization, 85, 99-100, 110-113, 122, 135, 180, 185, 187, 191, 193, 197, 201, 276. See also satellites

Spain, 207

Spanish Civil War, 23

Sparta (city state of ancient Greece), 196; foreign policies of, 30, 31, 40; totalitarianism of, 8, 20, 31, 69

Species extinction, 63, 65, 68, 81, 166, 225, 277

Specific reformers, 276-278, 283; accomplishments of, 277; future prospects of, 276, 277, 278, 283; gullibility of, 193; strategy of, 225, 276-277, 282, 283

Sputnik, 187, 189

Stalin, I. V., 9, 10, 13, 14, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 27, 34, 127, 150, 162, 163, 167, 168-169, 170, 172, 193, 196, 212, 216, 264, 269, 284/n1b, 285/n20b

Stalinism, 7, 35

START. See Strategic Arms Reductions Talks

Starvation. See hunger

Star Wars. See space militarization

Stavrianos, L. S., 302/n18

"Stealth" bomber, 96, 283

Steinbeck, J., 1, 205, 226, 242, 260, 305/n38, 307/n64

Steinbruner, J., 289/n42

Stein, J. B., 299/n29

Stennis, J., 305/n29

Stoessinger, J. G., 299/n33

Stone, J. J., 308/n8

St. Petersburg, 119, 163

Strahan, W., 303/n3

Strategic arms limitation talks (SALT): SALT I, 163, 164, 188, 189; SALT II, 163, 164, 180, 181, 186, 188

Strategic Arms Reductions Talks, 181, 193. See also tactic of the wolf in sheep clothing

"Strategic Defense Initiative" (SDI). See space militarization

Strategic thinking (in U.S.), 102-122, 131, 155, 221, 253-254

Stratosphere (ozone depletion in), 63-64

Strontium (radioactive isotope of), 49

Subliminal perceptions, 260

Submarines, 73, 80, 97, 100, 117, 125, 132-133; killer, 132, 201; missile, 70, 71, 97, 99, 116, 125, 132-133, 135, 180, 187; nuclear, 83, 85, 97, 132-133

Suetonius, G., 284/n6

Surface burst, 45, 48, 49, 53, 54, 58-59, 60, 135, 136

Surface-to-air missiles, 134, 140

Surgical reform strategies, 225, 273, 278-282, 283; advantages of, 279, 283; analogy to sports, 279-280, 283; disadvantages of, 282; and elections, 280, 283; and information, 280, 281, 283; and media, 281-282; and money, 280, 283; nature of, 278-282, 283

Surprise nuclear attack, 74, 75, 98, 99, 109, 113, 114, 115, 116, 118-119, 120, 122, 124, 125, 131, 132, 133, 134, 152, 189, 190. See also first strike; window of vulnerability

Survivability (of nuclear weapons), 98, 101, 114, 116, 131-134, 137, 153, 200

Suvorov, V., 288/n22, 294/n8, 296/n47a, 299/n38

Sverdlovsk (Russia), 163

Sweden, 5, 6, 15, 25, 207

Switzerland, 26

Sykes, L. R., 300/n41

Syphilis, 67

Syria, 140

Szent-Giorgyi, A., 298/n21

Szulc, T., 287/n46

"Tactical" nuclear weapons, 130

Tactic of the imaginary gap, 191-192, 194

Tactic of the irrelevant argument, 192, 194

Tactic of the phony controversy, 225-230, 271

Tactic of the wolf in sheep clothing, 193, 194

Taiwan, 199

Talbott, S., 297/n18

Tanks, 25, , 93, 100, 139, 141, 149, 153, 160, 191, 229

Taubman, J., 285/n15, 301/n78

Taubman, W., 285/n15, 301/n78

Taylor, M. D., 291/n20

Technological lead, 109, 132, 139, 142, 144, 146, 153, 176, 178, 187-188

Teenage pregnancies, 83, 245

Television. See corporate media

Test ban. See comprehensive test ban; partial test ban

Texas; highways of, 143; textbook content of, 256

Thebes (city state of ancient Greece), 31

Thee, M., 302/n12

Thermonuclear bomb. See H-bomb

Think tank industry, 121. See also experts

Third Reich. See Germany, Nazi

Third World, xv, 66-67, 68, 83, 88, 94, 104, 105, 106, 107, 122, 138, 156, 160, 166, 191, 202, 203, 217, 218, 219, 221, 225, 276

Thomas, D., 273

Thomas, J., 287/n2, 294/n18, 307/n52, 308/n6

Thompson, E. P., 301/n74, 307/n52

Thornton, J. A., 301/n70

Threshold test ban treaty, 188

Thucydides, 287/n47, 302/n6, 305/n41

Tiananmen Square (China), 184

Tibet, 3, 6, 29-31, 216

Time Machine, The (Wells), 63

Time Magazine, 137, 162, 183, 184, 247

TNT (chemical explosive), 43

Tobacco. See smoking controversy

Tolstoy, L., 273

Tomachinsky, V., 11, 14

Tonkin Gulf Resolution, 186, 250

Totalitarianism, 1-41, 69, 108, 114, 120, 194, 202, 215, 216, 256, 278; as an alleged cause of the Cold War, xiii, xv, 89-90, 102-103, 157, 159-160, 165, 191; Aztec, 8; Chinese, 8, 9, 40; Cuban, 215-216; docile, 9, 40; foreign policies of, 23-31; gruesome, 9, 10, 39, 116; Holy Inquisition, 8; myth of efficiency of, 36-39, 40-41, 159-160; 287/n53; nature of, 7-9, 39-40; Nazi, 8, 9, 28; Soviet, 9-23, 40, 120; Spartan, 8, 20, 31, 40, 69

Treaties (of disarmament), 94, 111, 130, 158, 159, 163, 174, 177, 178, 180, 181, 182-183, 186, 187-189, 193, 194

Treaty on European missiles (1987), 130, 182-183, 193

Treblinka, 269

Tribal societies, 5, 69

Trifonov, Y., 285/n23

Trotski, L. N., 34

Trudeau, P. E., 290/n52

Truman, H., 168-169, 171, 211, 232, 264, 299/n22b

Tse-Tung, Mao, 9

Tsipis, K., 291/n6, 295/n30, 297/n5, 302/n15

Tuberculosis, 66, 227

Turkey, 202, 209, 276

Twain, M., 242, 250

Typhoid, 66, 67

U-2 airplane, 72, 73, 164, 175

Ubico, J., 205-206, 209

UFCO. See United Fruit Company

Ukraine, 35, 145, 185, 200

Ultraviolet pulse (of nuclear explosions), 44

Unacceptable damage (of nuclear attack), 124-125

Unemployment, 160, 161, 165, 225, 276; roots of, 223-272

Unfair domination. See individual callousness

United Brands. See United Fruit Company

United Fruit Company (UFCO), 204-205, 208, 210, 212, 213, 214

United Kingdom, 4, 24, 28, 29, 79, 84, 125, 130,133, 134, 138, 144, 147, 149, 155, 157, 168, 172, 175, 177, 212, 226, 227, 232, 233

U.N. See United Nations

United Nations, 62, 170, 177, 179

Upton, A. F., 286/n39

Urals, 60, 84

Uranium, 43, 61

Urdu, 66

USSR. See Soviet Union

Utah, 85

Verification, 158-159, 172, 179, 182, 189; fundamental criterion of, 158; of nuclear tests, 158-159, 171, 174, 177, 178; and on-site inspections, 158, 172, 176-177

Veteran organizations (U.S.), 230

Victory (in nuclear warfare), 196, 199-200, 202; in the 1980s, 108-109, 122, 159; in the future, 109-113, 122, 160

Vidal, G., 290/n9

Vietnam, 28, 29, 105, 142, 147, 172, 186, 195, 202, 217, 228, 232, 233, 246

Vietnam War, 28, 81, 86, 87, 105, 142, 147, 172, 186, 195, 228-229, 232, 233, 246, 249

Vitamin A, 83

Vonnegut, K., 273-274, 308/n4

Walden Two (Skinner), 9

Wallace, H. A., 155, 297/n1

Warhead (definition of), 96

War of the Worlds (Wells), 189

Warsaw Pact, 137, 139-141, 144-145, 296/n46

Washington (D.C.), 12, 97, 163, 181, 193, 235, 236, 237, 239, 264

Washington (state), 60, 84, 236

Weakmindedness, 269

Weapons: biological 94, 100, 180, 187, 189, 191; chemical, 94, 100, 188, 189, 191; conventional, 93-94, 100, 112, 150, 172, 183, 199; nuclear, see also A-bomb, delivery vehicles, H-bomb, nuclear explosions

Weeks, J., 303/n26

Weinstein, J. M., 285/n18

Wells, H. G., 27, 63, 189, 298/n21

West Virginia, 59

Whaling industry, 231

Whetten, N. L., 302/n19

White, G. F., 288/n26

Whitehead, L., 303/n26

Whitman, W., 287/n52

Wiesner, J. B., 297/n5

Wilkie, J. W., 303/n32

William II, 155

Wilson, A., 290/n51

Wilson, W., 270 Window of vulnerability, 115-118, 122, 180, 190, 199, 254, 293/n22b

Winter War, 24-26, 40, 139, 294/n14c

Wisconsin, 54, 85, 189

Wittner, L. S., 301/n2, 302/n18, 308/n9

Workplace safety, 84, 225

Workweek, 161

World War I, 258

World War II, 1, 20, 26, 51, 78, 79, 86, 104, 112, 139, 144, 145, 150, 160, 166, 168, 264, 270, 294/n14c

World War III. See nuclear war

Wuorinen, J. M., 286/n39

X-rays, 47

Yamamoto, K. R., 291/n4, 300/n45

Yarmolinsky, A., 291/n21, 300/n51, 304/n9

Yeltsin, B., 157, 163

York, H., 304/n8

Young, A., 286/n26

Yugoslavia, 226

Zedong, Mao, 9

Zinovev, G. I., 32

Zuckerman, S., 297/n7a